195 - An update on the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Abstract:

Aim:  The authors conducted a literature review to examine which drugs demonstrate the highest efficacy in treating postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) across various surgical procedures.



Methods:  This paper reviews current PONV literature from 2012 to 2023. An electronic clinical trial literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE/PubMed database. MeSH terms included: "PONV", "surgical procedure", “update”, “efficacy”, “”and "medication". inclusion criteria: human subjects, clinical trial, articles written in English, PONV;. Exclusion criteria: Non-human subjects, critical care patients ASA V and above.



Results:  This literature review identified 12 papers that met inclusion criteria; 1542 patients were included in these studies. 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists, such as ondansetron, granisetron, and ramosetron, are recommended as the first-line treatment for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Patients showed equal reduction in nausea and vomiting for up to 24 hours after surgery for both Dexamethasone and 5-HT receptor antagonist.

Conclusion:  Both dexamethasone and 5-HT receptor antagonists reduce the incidence and severity of PONV. They are even more effective when combined. And all of the 5-HT serotonin showed equal effectiveness for the treatment of PONV for up to 24 hours. Palonosetron had a longer duration of action and its effects lasted >24 hours.

Identify Supporting Agency and Grant Number: This project is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of an award totaling $7,828,403 with 0% financed with non-governmental sources. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government. For more information, please visit HRSA.gov.